Belgium siv 4 lub hnab yas hauv ib xyoos. Daim duab no los ntawm Eurostat daim ntawv tshaj tawm 2023. Latvia yog nyob ntawm 209. Ob lub tebchaws nyob hauv EU thiab ob qho tib si raug rau tib qho kev qhia.
Eurostat tau taug qab cov ntaub ntawv no txij li xyoo 2018. Xyoo ntawd EU qhov nruab nrab yog 95. Los ntawm 2023 nws poob mus rau 65. Sweden tau poob qis tshaj plaws, txo los ntawm 131 lub hnab tshaj tsib xyoos. Tab sis Sweden kuj tau pib los ntawm lub hauv paus siab. Lithuania nyob ntawm 396 hauv 2018, tam sim no 124, qhov poob tseem ceeb, tab sis tseem nyob deb ntawm EU lub hom phiaj ntawm 40.
Vim li cas Belgium tuaj yeem ua tiav 4? Lawv cov nqi khaws cia pov tseg yog xam los ntawm ntim. Pov tseg ntau dua, them ntau dua. Cov hnab yas tau suav nrog hauv kev suav. Poland ntawm 7, Portugal ntawm 14. Cov tebchaws no tau ua tiav txhua lub hom phiaj. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim nrog Latvia 209? Daim ntawv qhia tsis piav qhia meej. Nws tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev sib txawv, lossis nws tsuas yog siv siab xwb.
Ireland zaj dab neeg tau hais ntau zaus. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 4, 2002, lawv tau them se 15 euro xees. Ua ntej ntawd, 1.2 billion hnab tau nyob rau hauv txhua xyoo, 328 ib tus neeg. Thaum cov se tau txiav txim, kev noj haus tau poob 90% nyob rau hauv ob peb lub hlis, ib tus neeg tau dhau los ua 21. Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Nyiaj Txiag tau sau 3.5 lab euros hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg. Los ntawm 2006, ib tug neeg nce rov qab mus rau ib ncig ntawm 30. Tsoom fwv tau tsa cov se rau 22 euro xees nyob rau lub Xya hli ntuj 2007. Tus nqi no tsis tau hloov txij li thaum. Cork City Council lub vev xaib qhia 22 xees.
Denmark coj txoj kev sib txawv. Pib xyoo 1994, lawv tau them se rau cov khw muag khoom, tsis yog cov neeg siv khoom. Cov khw muag khoom yog nqus tus nqi lawv tus kheej lossis xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Feem ntau tau xaiv los hla nws. Los ntawm 2014, Danes siv ib ncig ntawm 4 ib tus neeg. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog qhov qis tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Tam sim no Belgium qis dua.
Tuam Tshoj qhov xwm txheej nyuaj. Qhov "txheej txheem yas" ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1, 2008 txwv tsis pub ultra- lub hnab nyias nyias nyias dua li 0.025 millimeters thiab yuav tsum muaj cov khw muag khoom loj los muab lwm lub hnab yas rau tus nqi. Ib daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas los ntawm National Development thiab Reform Commission hauv 2016 tau hais tias cov hnab hauv cov khw muag khoom loj thiab cov khw muag khoom poob qis dua li ob-feem peb. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb luam tawm los ntawm Shanghai Jiao Tong University hauv 2021 (nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Kev Tswj Xyuas Pov Hwm) tau taw qhia txog qhov teeb meem: lub hnab ntim dawb siv rau qhwv zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv khw muag khoom tau nce hauv kev siv. Cov hnab nyiaj them sab nraud tau txo qis, cov hnab ntim dawb sab hauv tau nce ntxiv, cov txiaj ntsig tau txo qis. Xyoo 2020, NDRC thiab Ministry of Ecology thiab Ib puag ncig tau tshaj tawm cov cai tshiab uas xav kom cov nroog loj cov khw muag khoom noj kom tsis txhob siv cov hnab uas tsis yog{13}}degradable los ntawm lub xyoo- kawg. Shanghai tau mus ntxiv rau xyoo 2021, tsuas yog txwv tsis pub cov khw muag khoom loj los muab cov hnab yas yuav khoom, tsuas yog tso cai muag hnab ntaub thiab hnab nylon, txij li 1 txog 39 yuan.
Rwanda txwv lawv tag nrho hauv 2008. Ntau lawm, ntshuam, muag, siv tag nrho txwv. Kev nplua hnyav, $ 500 rau cov tib neeg, $ 40,000 rau kev lag luam. Lub hnab nqa khoom ntawm ciam teb. Kigali tau dhau los ua neeg huv, qhov no tau tshaj tawm ntau zaus los ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm txawv teb chaws. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2019, lawv tau txuas ntxiv kev txwv rau txhua tus - siv cov yas.
Kenya ua raws thaum Lub Yim Hli 2017. Ua ntej ntawd muaj 176 lub hnab yas ntim khoom, 60,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Lub National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) tau txhawb nqa txoj kev tshawb fawb uas pom ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov nyuj nyob hauv nroog peripheries muaj hnab yas hauv lawv lub plab. UNEP tau hais tias Kenyan cov khw muag khoom loj tshaj tawm 100 lab lub hnab hauv ib xyoos. Qhov txwv txiav nplua yog hnyav npaum li Rwanda. Yim lub hlis tom qab cov tub ceev xwm hais tias nws siv tau. Tanzania, Burundi, South Sudan tom qab tau tshaj tawm cov kev txwv zoo sib xws.
Tebchaws Meskas tsis muaj tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj. California txwv cov hnab nyias nyias hauv 2014, New York txwv lawv tom qab ib yam nkaus. Lwm lub xeev tseem tsis tau tsiv. Cov neeg Asmeskas siv pes tsawg xyoo hauv ib xyoos? Qhov feem ntau hais txog daim duab yog 365, los ntawm Lub Chaw rau Kev Sib Haum Xeeb. EPA cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2018 tau hais tias xyoo ntawd tsim tau 4.2 lab tons ntawm hnab yas, hnab thiab qhwv, rov ua dua 420,000 tons, rov ua dua tus nqi ib ncig ntawm 10%.
Australia tsis muaj kev cai lij choj hauv tebchaws. Ob lub khw loj, Coles thiab Woolworths, tau txiav txim siab ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 2018 tsis muab ib qho - siv hnab. Peb lub hlis tom qab noj tau poob 80%. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv Wikipedia, hais txog xov xwm tshaj tawm thaum lub sijhawm.
Indonesia lub Ministry of Environment 2020 cov ntaub ntawv hais tias 10 billion hnab yas nkag mus rau ib puag ncig ncaj qha txhua xyoo, kwv yees li 85,000 tons. Hauv Jakarta xyoo 2019, 34% ntawm cov pov tseg yog yas. Tsoomfwv hais tias nws xav txo cov pa phem hauv hiav txwv los ntawm 70% los ntawm 2025. Tab sis tsis muaj kev txwv lub hnab yas thoob tebchaws. Qee lub nroog tau pib them tus nqi, kev siv yog nug.
Lub EU lub hom phiaj ntawm 40 lub hnab yog rau qhov kawg ntawm 2025. Tam sim no nruab nrab 65. Qee lub tebchaws tau ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntev dhau los, qee lub tebchaws tej zaum yuav tsis tau raws li qhov ntawd. Eurostat tsab ntawv ceeb toom hais tias ib feem ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov sib txawv loj hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws yog cov txheej txheem sib txawv, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tag nrho tias qee cov duab huab yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
