Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias textiles tsim kwv yees li 35% ntawm cov pa phem microplastic hauv cov dej hiav txwv thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov ntawd ua rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntau dua los ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig - tab sis kuj yog ib qho uas tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas tau.
Phau ntawv qhia no hais txog dab tsi ua rau microfiber shedding, uas daws cov kev tshawb fawb txhawb nqa, yuav ua li cas cov khoom tseem ceeb sib piv ntawm ib sab, thiab yuav ua li cas kom phim ib txoj hauv kev rau koj lub neej tiag tiag.
Dab tsi yog Microfibers thiab Vim Li Cas Khaub Ncaws Tso Lawv?
Synthetic fabrics -polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex - yog tsim los ntawm roj av-raws li filaments spun rau hauv xov paj. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav lub voj voog, kev ntxhov siab, cua sov, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua rau cov khoom tawg zoo ntawm cov xov paj. Cov fragments ntws tawm nrog cov dej ntxuav, me me heev kom raug ntes tau los ntawm cov kav dej lossis cov txheej txheem kho feem ntau.
Tsis yog tag nrho cov synthetics poob sib npaug. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim teeb meem tsawg kawg yog ntau npaum li nws cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau.
| Npuag | Kev Risk | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|
| Acrylic knit yam | Siab | Tshaj tawm fiber ntau ib zaug ntxuav dua li feem ntau cov hluavtaws hauv kev sib piv |
| Polyester fleece | Siab | Loose, txhuam kev tsim kho nthuav tawm ntau cov fiber ntau xaus rau ib square centimeter |
| Recycled polyester (rPET) | Nruab nrab mus rau siab | Cov fibers luv luv los ntawm cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab tuaj yeem ua kom tawg thaum ntxuav |
| Woven polyester (plhaub, windbreaker) | Tsawg | Kev tsim kho nruj txwv kev nthuav tawm fiber ntau xaus |
| Paj rwb, ntaub plaub, linen | Tsawg (synthetic fiber) | Ntuj fibers biodegrade; chemical finishes thiab dyes yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb |
Vim li cas kev kho dej khib nyiab tsis yog kev daws teeb meem
Cov chaw kho mob siab heev tuaj yeem tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm microfibers los ntawm cov dej uas lawv ua. Qhov kev txwv yog scale. Txawm tias ib feem me me ntawm kev hla mus rau sawv cev rau ntau lab tus hais tawm mus rau hauv txoj kev hauv dej txhua hnub, muab qhov ntim ntawm cov dej ua tiav. Thaum cov fibers tawm hauv koj lub tshuab, kev kho mob hauv nroog tsuas yog qhov cuam tshuam ua ntej qhib dej - thiab nws yog ib qho tsis zoo ntawm qhov ntim yuav tsum tau ua.
Environmental thiab Health Impacts
Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Marine Environments
Cov microfibers tam sim no pom muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw hauv hiav txwv tau coj mus kuaj - los ntawm qhov tob - hiav txwv sediment mus rau Arctic ice cores. Lim feeders zoo li mussels thiab oysters ingest lawv ncaj qha. Ntses khaws lawv ntxiv mus rau cov khoom noj khoom haus. Tshaj li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev - thaiv cov plab zom mov thiab txo qis qab los noj mov - hluavtaws fibers nyiam thiab mloog cov pa phem uas twb muaj nyob hauv dej, suav nrog cov hlau hnyav, tshuaj tua kab, thiab nplaim hluav taws, thiab tuaj yeem tso cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tom qab noj.
Microfibers hauv tib neeg lub cev
Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau kuaj pom cov kab mob microplastic hauv tib neeg cov ntshav (Leslie et al., 2022,Ib puag ncig International), lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab placenta (Ragusa thiab al., 2021,Ib puag ncig International). Lub sijhawm ntev - cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb muaj lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob overstated cov pov thawj tam sim no. Dab tsi tau tsim yog tias txoj kev raug muaj tshwm sim. Txo qhov ntim ntawm fibers nkag mus rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv tsev yog qhov kev ceev faj tsim nyog txawm hais tias qhov kev noj qab haus huv thaum kawg yuav tsaws.
Rau Kev Khaub Ncaws Uas Txiav Shedding ntawm Zero Nqi
Ua ntej yuav ib qho khoom siv, xav txog tias kev hloov tus cwj pwm ib leeg tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis. Cov kauj ruam no yog dawb thiab siv tam sim ntawd.
- Ntxuav cov khaub ncaws hluavtaws tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog.Shedding tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum ntxuav. Yog tias cov khaub ncaws tsis pom qias neeg lossis tsw ntxhiab, dai nws kom cua tawm ntawm qhov hnav. Fleece, kis las hnav, thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm txoj hauv kev no.
- Siv dej txias rau ntawm lub voj voog maj mam, luv dua.Thaum tshav kub kub ua rau cov nyiaj tsis muaj zog hauv cov xov paj hluavtaws, ua rau cov fiber ntau tawg. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Ocean Wise's Plastics Lab,hais nyob rau hauv Patagonia qhov kev tshawb fawb microfiber hloov tshiab, pom tias cov dej txias ua ke nrog lub voj voog maj mam txo cov fiber ntau tso tawm piv rau qhov sov, cov qauv teeb tsa. Nws kuj txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob ib qho kev thauj khoom.
- Khiav tag nrho cov loads.Lub nruas uas yog kwv yees li peb-quarters tag nrho txwv tsis pub hnav tsoos tsho thiab sib tsoo rau ib leeg. Kev sib txhuam tsawg txhais tau tias tsawg dua fibers tawg xoob - thiab tsawg lub voj voog khiav hauv ib lub lis piam tag nrho.
- Xaiv lub pem hauv ntej - lub tshuab thauj khoom yog tias koj muaj kev xaiv.Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm UC Santa Barbara pom tias sab saum toj - cov tshuab thauj khoom nrog lub hauv paus agitator tsim cov microfibers ntau dua ib lub voj voog dua li pem hauv ntej -loaders. Lub hauv paus ncej tsim muaj kev sib txhuam ntau dua li cov khaub ncaws qhwv ncig nws thaum ntxuav.
- Cua qhuav es tsis tumble qhuav.Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tso tawm cov fibers los ntawm lawv cov pa tawm mus rau hauv huab cua sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov. Ntxuav lub lint ntxiab ua ntej txhua lub voj voog ntes qee cov fibers, tab sis huab cua kom qhuav tshem tawm txoj hauv kev no tag nrho. Nws kuj tseem ua rau kev hnav khaub ncaws ntev.
- Siv cov tshuaj detergent uas pom zoo, tsis yog ntau dua.Cov tshuaj detergent ntau tuaj yeem degrade cov qauv xov paj thaum ntxuav, ua kom fiber ntau tawg. Hauv thaj chaw mos- dej tshwj xeeb, cov koob tshuaj yog feem ntau txaus.
Cov cuab yeej lim dej: Qhov Kev Tshawb Fawb Qhia
Dedicated filtration li muab ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov khaub ncaws zoo dua. Peb pawg tseem ceeb ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab ua haujlwm sib txawv - paub txog qhov sib txawv ua ntej siv nyiaj.
Daim ntawv qhia txog kev ua tau zoo: tib yam khoom tuaj yeem pom cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv thoob plaws cov kev tshawb fawb, vim tias kev sim cov txheej txheem, hom ntaub, tshuab qauv, thiab dej kub txhua qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim. Thaum cov kev tshawb fawb tsis sib haum xeeb, ob qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntau yog tsim nyog paub.
Lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws sab nraud: Kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, yuav tsum tau nruab
Cov ntxaij lim dej sab nraud txuas rau lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab cuam tshuam cov fibers ua ntej dej nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog cov dej khib nyiab. Ntawm tag nrho cov neeg siv khoom- cov kev xaiv muaj, cov no tsis tu ncua qhia cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws - tab sis lawv xav tau ib nrab- kev teeb tsa mus tas li thiab tsis muaj peev xwm rau cov neeg xauj tsev feem ntau.
Ib qho kev kawm sib piv los ntawmNapper et al. (2020,Kev tshawb fawb ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig)pom cov ntxaij lim dej sab nraud ua tau zoo tshaj hauv -nruas cov khoom siv thoob plaws ntau yam xwm txheej. Lub Lint LUV-R pom 29% mus rau 87% txo nyob ntawm kev sim raws tu qauv; Filtrol tau tshaj tawm ib ncig ntawm 89% hauv kev sim ywj pheej; PlanetCare qhov kev tso npe npe - cov qauv cartridge qhia cov duab zoo sib xws. Tus nqi khiav los ntawm kwv yees li $ 130 txog $ 200 ua ntej, nrog rau kev saib xyuas txij li txhua ob mus rau peb lub loads rau txhua yim rau kaum nyob ntawm tus qauv.
Lub hnab ntxhua khaub ncaws: Portable thiab Renter- phooj ywg
Polyester mesh ntxhua khaub ncaws hnabtsim los rau microfiber capture - Guppyfriend yog qhov dav tshaj plaws - ua haujlwm los ntawm kev kaw cov khaub ncaws hluavtaws thaum ntxuav. Tsis zoo li woven mesh, cov hnab no yog tsim los ntawm monofilament: ib qho txuas txuas ntxiv uas tsis tso nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntxuav, fibers sau rau hauv seams thiab fab; koj tshem lawv ntawm tes thiab muab pov tseg li cov khib nyiab.
Tib 2020 University of Plymouth txoj kev tshawb fawb pom Guppyfriend txo microfiber tso tawm los ntawm kwv yees li 54%. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam tus lej muaj li ntawm 79% mus rau 86%, cuam tshuam cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Rau cov tsev neeg uas muaj cov khoom siv ntxhua khaub ncaws ntau dua,xaiv ib lub hnab kom haum- lossis siv ob tus qauv rau kev thauj khoom hnyav - yog qhov zoo dua rau overstuffing ib lub hnab, uas txwv tsis pub dej ntws thiab cuam tshuam ob qho tib si tu thiab fiber ntau.
Ib qho yuam kev kom zam:Tom qab txhua tus ntxuav, tsis txhob yaug lub hnab rau hauv lub dab dej. Rinsing xa cov fibers ntes ncaj qha rov qab rau hauv dej system. Tshem lawv qhuav, ntawm tes, thiab muab pov tseg raws li cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev.
Laundry Balls: Siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws, qis tshaj thiab cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv
Yog tias koj niaj hnub ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo nkauj - lace, xoob- knit sweaters, cov khoom siv nrog cov hlua lossis khi - hla lub pob ntxhua khaub ncaws nkaus xwb. Cov khoom zoo li Cora Ball siv cov stalks hloov tau yooj yim los rub cov fibers hauv lub nruas, thiab cov stalks tib yam tuaj yeem ntes ntawm cov ntaub zoo thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog zoo li cov kis las hnav thiab cov ntaub npuag, kev puas tsuaj yog tsawg.
Ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv heev. Napper et al. (2020) pom muaj kwv yees li 31% fiber ntau txo. Kev kawm ua ntej los ntawm McIlwraith et al. (2019,Marine Pollution Bulletin) pom muaj kev ua tau zoo qis dua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev xeem sib txawv. Lub pob ntxhua khaub ncaws yog qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv - poob rau hauv ib qho kev thauj khoom, tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv yuav tsum tau - tab sis nws tsis tu ncua qhia qhov qis tshaj plaws thiab kwv yees tsawg kawg ntawm peb pawg ntaus ntawv.
Sab -los ntawm - Sab Sib piv
| Kev daws | Kev Ua Haujlwm Ntau Yam | Kwv yees li. Nqi | Yuav tsum tau nruab | Renter-Nyob zoo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External filter (eg, Filtrol, Lint LUV-R) | 29–89% | $130–$200 | Yog lawm | Tsis muaj |
| Polyester mesh ntxhua khaub ncaws hnab(eg, Guppyfriend) | 54–86% | ~$35 | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm |
| Laundry Ball (xws li Cora Ball) | 5–31% | ~$38 | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm |
| Dej txias + lub voj voog maj mam (kev hloov pauv nkaus xwb) | ~ 70% (ib qho kev kawm) | $0 | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm |
Qhov kev daws teeb meem haum rau koj qhov xwm txheej
Renters thiab Apartment Dwellers
Yog tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau koj lub tsev cov kav dej, cov lim dej sab nraud tawm ntawm lub rooj. Kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws: ntxuav cov khaub ncaws hluavtaws tsawg dua, ib txwm khiav dej txias ntawm lub voj voog maj mam, thiab siv lubzipper mesh ntxhua khaub ncaws hnabrau hluavtaws loads. Qee tus neeg xauj tsev kuj khaws ib qho caispaj rwb ntxhua khaub ncaws hnabrau cov uas tsis yog- cov khoom hluavtaws - ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los txheeb cov khaub ncaws thiab khaws cov khaub ncaws hluavtaws kom meej meej rau kev kho lub hnab mesh yam tsis ntxiv cov khoom hluavtaws ntxiv rau koj lub sijhawm.
Cov tswv tsev npaj rau nruab
Ib lub lim dej sab nraud txuas rau lub qhov dej hose muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg siv khoom xaiv. Ua ke nrog txias - dej ntxuav thiab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev ntxuav kom muaj zog sib xyaw ua ke. Lub hnab ntxhua khaub ncaws mesh ntxiv ib txheej ntxiv thaum ntxuav siab -cov khoom xws li fleece lossis acrylic.
Laundromat Cov neeg siv thiab cov peev nyiaj -Cov neeg nyeem nyeem
Lub hnab mesh ntxhua khaub ncaws portable yog koj lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb - nws ua haujlwm nyob rau pem hauv ntej - lub tshuab thauj khoom thiab mus rau qhov twg koj ua. Txij li cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo li siab - muaj peev xwm thiab siab dua - kev ntxhov siab dua li cov chav nyob, lub hnab tseem ceeb dua ntawm no, tsis tsawg. Yog tias pob nyiaj siv yog qhov txwv tsis pub, tus cwj pwm coj cwj pwm tau piav qhia saum toj no - ntxuav tsawg dua, siv dej txias, ua haujlwm puv - tsis muaj nqi dab tsi thiab tseem ua rau txo qis.
Cov khaub ncaws koj yuav tseem ceeb heev
Kev lim dej thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws hais txog cov khaub ncaws uas koj twb muaj lawm. Yam koj yuav tom ntej yog ib lub lever cais. Tightly woven synthetics - plhaub tsho, nylon windbreakers - los ntawm deb tsawg dua fleece los yog acrylic knits vim hais tias lawv cov kev tsim txwv tsis pub muaj fiber ntau xaus. Kev nkag siabyuav ua li cas polyester ntaub hnyav thiab weave qauv cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm fibertuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab paub ntau ntxiv thaum mus yuav khaub ncaws tshiab lossis hnab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev ntxhua khaub ncaws ntau zaus, cov khoom siv fiber ntau lwm yam - cov paj rwb organic, merino wool, linen - muab cov hluavtaws qis dua - microfiber hneev taw. Lawv cov fibers biodegrade, txawm tias cov dyes thiab tshuaj tiav siv thaum tsim khoom tseem muaj kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig. Rau ib tug fuller saibcov ntaub ntawv sib txawv li cas sib piv thoob cov kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg, cov kev sib pauv hloov pauv ntau dua li qhov yooj yim hluavtaws- piv -natural faib. Yog koj hnyavpaj rwb tiv thaiv kev xaiv hluavtawsNtau qhov dav, qhov ntsuas ib puag ncig nyob ntawm qhov hnyav npaum li cas cov khoom siv thiab ntxuav nws lub neej.
Ob txhais tes hluavtaws tsoos tsho kuj tsim nyog xav txog. Feem ntau shedding tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub tsoos tsho thawj ob peb ntxuav, raws li lub loosest nto fibers tso tawm. Kev yuav khoom thib ob txhais tau hais tias tau txais ib daim ntaub uas zoo li tau dhau los ntawm nws qhov siab tshaj - theem qis.
Qhov twg txoj cai yog mus
Fabkis tau dhau los ua thawj lub tebchaws xav tau cov lim dej microfiber hauv txhua lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tshiab muag hauv tsev, nrog rau txoj cai lij choj siv rau xyoo 2025. Cov kev cai lij choj zoo sib xws tau tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws United Kingdom thiab sib tham hauv ntau lub xeev Asmeskas. Raws li covNational Environmental Education Foundation, cov tuam txhab lag luam tseem ceeb tau teb: Samsung tau tsim txo -microfiber ntxhua khaub ncaws ntawm cov qauv xaiv, thiab cov khoom lag luam nyob sab Europe tau pib sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv tshuab tsim.
Tsis muaj qhov no hloov dab tsi rau cov khaub ncaws uas twb muaj lawm hauv koj lub txee dai khaub ncaws. Tab sis nws qhia txog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev mus ncig.Kev txav deb ntawm siab - cuam tshuam, ib zaug - siv cov ntaub ntawvyog nrawm dua thoob plaws cov khoom lag luam, thiab kev xaiv khaub ncaws ntawm tus kheej yog ib feem ntawm cov duab loj dua.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog lub hnab ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo li Guppyfriend tiag tiag ua haujlwm?
Yog, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv tiag tiag. Kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej (Napper li al., 2020) pom muaj kwv yees li 54% txo qis hauv microfiber tso tawm. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tsis ua tiav kev ntes. Kev ua tau zoo nyob ntawm qhov tsis pub dhau lub hnab thiab tso cai rau dej txaus thaum lub voj voog. Rau cov neeg xauj tsev thiab nyiaj txiag -cov neeg yuav khoom, nws tseem yog qhov kev xaiv nkag tau yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Puas yog lub pob ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo dua li lub hnab mesh?
Feem ntau, tsis muaj. Kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua qhia cov hnab mesh ua tau zoo dua cov khoom ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cora Ball qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm 5% mus rau 31% thoob plaws cov kev tshawb fawb yog ob qho tib si qis dua thiab sib txawv dua li cov hnab mesh qhia. Lub pob yooj yim dua rau siv - poob rau hauv nrog ib qho kev thauj khoom - tab sis nws tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov ntaub mos mos thiab ua tau zoo hauv qab lub hnab mesh hauv kev sib piv.
Kev ntxuav hauv dej txias puas txo qis microfiber?
Yog lawm. Thaum tshav kub kub ua rau cov nyiaj tsis muaj zog hauv cov xov paj hluavtaws, ua kom cov fibers uas tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab. Cov dej txias ntawm lub voj voog maj mam yog ib qho ntawm qhov siab tshaj - cuam tshuam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Nws kuj txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm ris tsho - ua rau nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb tus cwj pwm uas txhim kho ntau qhov txiaj ntsig ib zaug.
Puas yog ntuj fibers zoo li paj rwb kuj tso microfibers?
Tag nrho cov ntaub los thaum ntxuav. Natural fibers biodegrade, uas hloov qhov kev sib npaug ib puag ncig zoo piv rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua nrog cov ntaub npuag ntuj suav nrog cov dyes, tiv thaiv - cov neeg ua haujlwm tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam tshuaj ua tiav siv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, uas tuaj yeem ntxuav rau hauv dej nrog rau cov fiber ntau. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluavtaws thiab ntuj yog tiag - hluavtaws microfibers yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua - tab sis tsis yog tag nrho tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Kuv yuav muab cov fibers sau los ntawm lub hnab ntxhua khaub ncaws los yog lim qhov twg?
Hauv cov thoob khib nyiab hauv tsev - tsis muab yaug rau hauv lub dab dej thiab tsis muab tso rau hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab. Yaug koj lub hnab los yog lim rau hauv lub qhov ntws xa cov fibers uas tau txais ncaj qha rov qab rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab, rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv ib qho hauv thawj qhov chaw. Tshem cov fibers qhuav, ntawm tes, thiab pov tseg ntawm lawv li tsis yog - cov khoom pov tseg rov ua dua.
Peb kauj ruam los pib hnub no
- Ntxuav cov tsoos tsho tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog tiag - dai lawv kom huab cua tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws es tsis txhob ua rau lub voj voog tshuab txhua zaus.
- Teem koj lub tshuab rau dej txias thiab lub voj voog maj mam, thiab xyuas kom lub nruas nyob ze kom puv ua ntej pib ntxuav.
- Ntxiv ib lub hnab ntxhua khaub ncaws mesh rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws - lossis, yog tias koj muaj koj lub tshuab, saib rau hauv qhov dej ntws sab nraud-hose lim rau qhov txo qis tshaj plaws.
Tsis muaj ib txoj kev daws teeb meem tag nrho. Tab sis peb cov kauj ruam no, siv tas mus li, txhais tau tias txo qhov ntim ntawm microfibers uas koj tsev neeg xa mus rau hauv dej - yam tsis muaj nqi lossis cuam tshuam. Rau cov neeg nyeem txaus siab rauqhov dav dav ntawm cov tswv yim eco- tus cwj pwm ua phooj ywg uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig tiag tiag, kev tswj microfiber yog ib qho ntawm cov pov thawj ntau dua -rov qab qhov chaw pib.
